Abstract: Based on results from a field survey in 2008, this article studies the influence of using certificates of land use right in the names of a wife and husband for obtaining loans for women. Results show that in terms of both procedure and opportunity, the use of the certificate of land use right in the name of a wife and husband to obtain a loan saves time, requires less paperwork, saves effort and is more likely to be accepted. On this basis, borrowers can get the loan faster, and a certificate of land use right in the names of both a husband and wife also enables women, who are not a head of a household, to get a loan directly using the land use right as mortgage without other conditions. Specifically, time to verify procuration is saved, and the possibility of disputes arising when a mortgage is being released is reduced.
Key words: Certificate of land use right; Loans for women; Access to credit.

Abstract: Based on a two-year survey on the contents of the school textbooks in Vietnam, this article has provided convincing evidence of gender stereotypes and bias. According to its findings, male characters outnumber females by three times in texts, and by about a half in illustrations. Personalities mentioned in textbooks are also predominantly male. Masculine characters account for 95% of historical personalities and 88% of contemporary personalities, while only 5% of historical personalities and 11% of contemporary personalities are women. Male adults reached a percentage of 80% having a profession while the figure for female adults was lower, with 66%. One quarter of women were portrayed as houseworkers, while there were no men in that category. For women, the two professions with the highest percentages were teachers and employees while, on the contrary, men were depicted in a much more diverse range of professions.
Key words: Gender, Gender stereotypes; Gender bias; Textbook; Education System.